The Fallacy of MOB Procedures
The fallacy that anyone can perform this maneuver, whatever you name it, is insane.
Let’s just argue for a moment that maybe you can recall all the steps some old Navy researcher came up with in 1960 to get a US Navy destroyer to not-so-effectively turn a Destroyer around to pick up a stricken sailor. The truth is you are never going to get a 180 pound man hauled four feet up over your rail on a calm day, let alone in moderate chop with 15 knots of wind blowing.
The idea that any of the methods for MOB recovery (Quick Stop, Williamson Turn, Figure 8 method) would work to recover a human being from sea is a gimmick sailing schools and sailing credentialing organizations have come up with to get you to pay them money. It’s busy work for one of five days for a certification that is based entirely on attendance and not on skill.
I contend it no more prepares you to recover a person in the water than does watching a Youtube video on MOB recovery and reading an article on the internet. Not in the real world anyway. I am telling you that as a person who has taught, taken and performed more of these “exercises” than pretty much anyone alive today.
Let’s break it down and see where things can go wrong.
The Williamson Turn
Of all the methods of MOB recovery, this one is my favorite.
The idea is maintaining constant speed, you put your helm over to 60 degrees relative and count a few beats and then come back to between 160 and 180 degrees on a reciprocal course so that you can bring your ship back to the position where the person went overboard. If you have any doubt about my assertion that this came from an old white man in the Navy in 1960, look at the Old man himself performing it in Hawaii in a video I found on Youtube. https://youtu.be/hbYpDYMjfpo
I am not saying that Capt Williamson was wrong and that it never worked, but the idea that this maneuver can work on a 30 foot sailboat that is full of civilians in open water in an emergency is just too much for me to believe.
Say you do get your boat turned around on the reciprocal course, will you have the awareness to center your main sail so you don’t jibe it again, give the command to get the MOB hoist that you spent $500 on for this and only this exact situation, and will you have the awareness or even the ability to pick the person up on the correct side of the vessel which no one seems to agree on? All these things need to happen for this maneuver to work properly and by the way you have never ever done this in real time ever before either.
It’s just too much for me to believe that anyone could pull this or any of the other maneuvers designed for this purpose off in a time of emergency.
Have you ever really been in an emergency at sea?
I have had some really sketchy moments at sea. Boats sinking from under me, lightning strikes while underway, getting caught in a waterspout, but I have never had a medical emergency and I never want to.
The idea that someone has gone in the water unexpectedly usually means that they have injured themselves in some way and it's usually pretty awful. Upper body injuries like dislocated shoulders, facial lacerations and cranial strikes are all very common and not on my to-do list.
Add that stress to even a good day on the water and it's tough to even remember your own name, let alone how to maneuver your boat.
Accidents only happen in good weather and bad weather
There are only two times when accidents happen. Day and Night. They happen when you least expect it and it is never because you are prepared.
There is one body of evidence that I cite in safe boating classes I have taught that says accidents happen on the water on a summer day in the afternoon in good weather. That makes sense because A) you are more likely, statistically speaking, to be out there at that time and b) you’re guard is down because you've been boating all day, you're tired and you're not paying attention.
The other body of evidence that bears witness to accidents at sea states that when weather turns foul, visibility drops and stressors are at the maximum, accidents occur. I have broken more stuff on my boat in heavy wind and that is when equipment fails and accidents happen.
There is never a time to let your guard down on the water and so therefore we must assume that the only common variable for people falling overboard is it is either day or night.
Variables make step-by-step instructions hard
There are a hundred and one variables at every minute on the water and anyone that says anything different is selling something. You can’t control the weather, you can’t control the water, you can’t really even control the fact that things break when you least expect them and you can’t control when a person falls overboard.
The fact that MOB Recovery has to take place at the worst possible time means that the more complicated a step by step recovery method is the more likely it is to fail. Even simple maneuvers like the quick stop method where you simply turn your boat around and go head to wind while stopping your boat by backwinding you main are impossible when you have just seen someone you love get thrust in the way of oblivion. (I tried to find a royalty free diagram of the quick stop method and they are all copyrighted- if it’s such a great maneuver to save lives why do they need to make money off of it?)
In situations like this, the phrase Keep It Simple Stupid (KISS) takes on new meaning.
The Life Sling
I would not curse the darkness without lighting a candle and it is with that spirit I offer the only failsafe way I know of to recover an unconscious person from the water.
The Life Sling costs about $200 from your favorite marine mega store and is attached to the stern rail of your boat. It comes with an all weather bag and consists of a long polypropylene line attached to a flexible horseshoe buoy that is always at the ready when a person goes overboard.
All you have to do when an emergency strikes, is open the bag and toss the horseshoe overboard. You then drive in circles and wrap the person in the water up with the line and then pull them in.
It's simple, elegant and if you want, you can use the buoy as a harness to lift the person out of the water. Otherwise stop your boat, attach the line to the person and to the boat with their face out of the water and wait for the USCG to show up. (Presumably you had someone call them immediately after the person went in the water).
One of the best demonstrations I have seen on how useful this buoy is comes from SV Delos when they performed a man overboard drill at sea.
In the video below, Brady discusses the fear he feels watching the boat sail away from him. Even as it is warm and beautiful and they are a boat full of scantily clad gorgeous adults on a picture perfect boat, the fear they all feel when doing just a drill is palpable because they are in the middle of nowhere and if anything goes wrong they are screwed and they know it.
This video is the most real drill I have ever seen:
DIY Life Slings
If you can’t spend $200 on something that will save your loved one’s life, then you really shouldn’t be on the water. Just in case you can’t put $200 bucks together to buy a brand name Life Sling for your vessel, my wife and I were spitballing on how you could make one for yourself.
What you will need is 150 feet of polypropylene line, a type I or II pfd (the toilet seat looking ones will work but I like the weight of a type 1 offshore jacket), a sea anchor (anything that can open up and catch water will work.
With those supplies you should be able to cobble together a system that could compare to a life sling if you didn’t have one.
Here are the step by step instructions.
- Tie the line onto the life jacket and leave 15 feet of tail behind the life jacket.
- Tie the sea anchor onto the tail behind the life jacket so that it ensures the jacket will trail behind your boat.
- Attach the long end of the line to your stern rail and be sure to coil it nicely so it will run freely when you need it.
- When the person goes overboard, have the person who sees it first yell “MAN OVERBOARD” and never let them take their eyes off that person in water for a second. The person who is on watch for the MOB NEVER DOES ANYTHING ELSE but watch.
- Order another person, if you have the bodies, to call the USCG and issue a mayday. Even if the person is conscious and talking, a may day is not a bad idea because if you miss them on the first go round, your chances of getting them on board go down by half for every pass you make. It’s better to get the pros inbound asap.
- Cast the DIY lifesling overboard and allow all the line to go out.
- If your motor is not already running, douse your sails and use your motor to come about and drive circles around the person in the water.
- Once you have made at least one wrap of the line around the person, stop your boat and put it in neutral. Never shut your motor off in an emergency situation because you never know if you will get it started again.
- Pull the line in with the person hanging on to the lifejacket and attach them to the leeward rail of the boat.
- Go slow ahead just enough to keep your boat in control and the person safe and hold position in the wind until help arrives.
Now I am not saying that that is guaranteed to work. Nothing can ensure that something doesn’t go wrong because remember there are always 101 variables that can mess things up.
Getting a line to the person in the water and getting a PFD on them is 90 percent of the challenge when someone goes overboard. If you can do that, you're 90 percent of the way to recovery.
Calling the USCG is probably one of the most important things you can do even when the person is conscious and helping. They have the gear, the training and the know how to save lives and in this situation it’s better to call them and not need them, rather than need them and not call them.
If you are too far out and help is too far away, the only thing to do is something. Far too many people die on the water because the people they need to help them do nothing. People freeze up in high stress situations, so doing anything is better than doing nothing.
When someone falls overboard, throw everything and anything that floats at them. A large debris trail will make it easier to spot them as they drift away and will give them that much more to hold onto to keep them afloat.
If you never have to use your life sling, consider yourself lucky. It doesn’t hurt however, to do a drill every so often either and try it out when your crew needs to realize the dangers of a life of sailing.
Until next time, do good, have fun and sail far. Thanks for reading.
